Overview of tests and driving cycles conducted on an inertial brake dynamometer in the testing of particles formed during brake wear

Abstract

The analysis of the braking system from the aspect of ecology is becoming an important topic today, bearing in mind that there is environmental pollution by particles that occur during the wear of the brake pairs. The use of an inertial brake dynamometer is one of the methods used in measuring the concentration of formed particles. Overview and analysis of tests applied by various authors in the research of particle formation during braking in laboratory conditions on inertial brake dynamometers is presented in this paper. Today, the driving cycles prescribed for this area have not yet been defined in Europe, so the analysis of numerous tests used in this area in the dynamometer tests has been conducted. UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) will develop global methodology for measuring particle emissions from vehicles’ braking systems. New steps are being taken to achieve this thanks to the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations’ Working Party on Pollution and Energy (GRPE), which has initiated activities to develop a rigorous test procedure to measure brake particle emissions under standardized conditions. The problem of the non-existence of a standard defined test for measuring brake particles has inspired the authors to research that could lead to significant conclusions that are the best test could be used in this area. The analysis performed in this paper is mainly based on an overview of varied braking parameters, minimum and maximum parameter’s values, number of braking events, etc. This study is important for future researchers in this field in terms of selecting cycles or the relevant braking parameters that have the greatest impact on the formation of particles (their mass and concentration) when braking a vehicle.