UNVEILING THE ‘TRUE LIGHT’: BRICK CRYPTOGRAMS AT ST. GEORGE CHURCH IN STARO NAGORIČINO

Abstract

This article delves into the intriguing ΦΧΦΠ cryptograms on the west facade of the St. George Church in Staro Nagoričino, shedding light on their connection to the era of King Milutin and their profound theological significance. It explores the convergence of architecture and symbolism, focusing on these cryptograms as a representation of the "True Light" within Christianity and its correlation to the concept of victory. The study delves into the influence of the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts. It investigates how placing these cryptograms above the church's doorway resonates with architectural and spiritual narratives. It examines the architectural features of the church's west façade, reflecting King Milutin's depiction on the north wall and his role as the "New Constantine." The cryptogram ΦΧΦΠ (Φῶς Χριστοῦ φαίνει πᾶσιν/ "The light of Christ shines upon all") is strategically placed above the bifora in the central axis of the facade, marking the four sides of the Cross. The motif depicting the true light coming into the world is painted on both sides of the interior of the west entrance, creating a liminal space. This motif references the ancient Biblical verse from the Gospel of John 1:9: "The true light, which gives light to everyone, was coming into the world". Apart from the biblical reference, the patronage inscriptions and the prayerful mention of King Stefan Uroš II Milutin Nemanjić and Queen Simonis are also highlighted. Their names are inscribed on the lintel of the portal. This study uncovers the intricate symbolism and architectural nuances of the St. George Church in Staro Nagoričino, shedding light on the interplay of liturgical and historical context in this remarkable Byzantine architectural gem.