SUBSYSTEM AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF BRAKE WEAR PARTICLES FOR PREDICTION AND CONTROL OF THE TRAFFIC NON-EXHAUST EMISSION

Abstract

Previous studies of brake wear emission have primarily performed as laboratory testing, i.e. on the brake dynamometer, which may not accurately reflect real-world driving conditions, especially vehicle’s dynamics. Different experimental designs have been developed to avoid that brake wear particles could be mixed with other non-exhaust emission sources, including tire particles and road resuspension particles. The subsystem level results (research object is brake), can provide useful data to increase the certainty of the system-level results (vehicle in the laboratory or on the road). The inclusion of real-world conditions can be enhanced by implementing a different Real-Driving Emission (RDE) solutions which does not affect the normal cooling of the vehicle's brakes and complements the test bench research to validate its results. Once the predictions for brake emissions produced by vehicles are improved, this may become a key component of a traffic-based model that combines data on different vehicles with different driving styles and environmental conditions, providing the possibility of better understanding the relevant sources of non-exhaust emission involved at the environmental level. Another possible methodology would determine the vehicle’s behaviour in the traffic environment using simulations, considering the vehicle dynamics at the system level makes the estimations much closer to reality. This research would open an innovative way for traffic engineers and environmental scientists to study the real brake emissions besides exhaust emissions in various traffic conditions. This paper aims to develop the most optimal methodology for prediction and control of brake emission released by either motor vehicles or electric cars day-to-day in order to reduce air pollution and improve the air quality in urban areas.