THE INFLUENCE OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF PAVEMENT MATERIALS ON THE SAFETY OF PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS AND THE APPLICATION OF UNIVERSAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES TO ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE

Abstract

In response to the growing demands for road safety and the effectiveness of materials used in urban infrastructure, this article presents an in-depth analysis of how various surface material properties influence the visibility and functionality of pedestrian crossings. By evaluating the reflectivity and luminance of materials, such as light colored granite and other high-luminance surfaces, the study demonstrates that these materials not only reduce glare but also enhance nighttime visibility and lower surface temperatures during hot weather, thereby contributing to a safer and more comfortable pedestrian experience. The article also examines the benefits of incorporating universal design principles, including contrasting textures, pulsating signals, and audible cues, which facilitate movement for individuals with disabilities and improve the overall readability of crossings for all road users. When integrated with advanced material technologies, such design elements can significantly reduce accident risks and enhance accessibility for various social groups. The comprehensive approach of this study combines rigorous data analysis with practical design and material recommendations, offering actionable insights for the creation of safer, more sustainable, and accessible urban infrastructure. The findings suggest that the thoughtful selection of materials and the integration of universal design elements not only improve safety and usability but also support the development of intelligent and inclusive urban spaces.