Chemical analysis of soil and determination of its fertility

Abstract

Soil chemical composition plays a fundamental role in determining agricultural productivity, influencing both crop growth and yield. Soil fertility is a critical factor influencing crop productivity, and its assessment through chemical indicators such as pH and macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) provides insight into its suitability for cultivation. This study investigates the chemical properties of soil samples in order to evaluate their fertility status and provide appropriate fertilization recommendations. Four samples were analyzed in an accredited agrochemical laboratory to determine key parameters: pH (in water and KCl), organic matter content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium and calcium carbonate. The results indicate significant variability in soil pH, ranging from strongly acidic (pH 5.12) to alkaline (pH 8.25), and varying levels of macronutrients. Phosphorus and potassium levels were found to be low to moderate, while organic matter content was generally low. Based on these results, site-specific recommendations for fertilizer application were proposed to optimize crop productivity and restore soil fertility.