FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS

Abstract

Surface roughness is a key factor in defining the functionality and durability of mechanical components, particularly in the context of contact parts exposed to load, friction, and wear. This study analyzes the impact of different machining methods on the surface roughness of a shaft component in a handwheel made from stainless steel 1.4301 (X5CrNi18-10). The experimental research involved a comparison between conventional machining using a GALLIC 16 lathe and an Oerlikon milling machine with CNC machining on a MAZAK SQT 15MS machining center. Machining parameters were varied to assess their influence on the final surface roughness. Measurements were conducted using an INSIZE ISR C-002 profilometer, analyzing key roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Rt, Rsk, and Rku). The results indicated that CNC machining achieved significantly lower roughness values (Ra = 0.672 μm) compared to conventional machining (Ra = 2.175 μm). Additionally, CNC-processed surfaces were more uniform and exhibited smaller deviations in topography, whereas conventional machining resulted in more pronounced irregularities and greater profile amplitude variations. It was concluded that CNC machining is more suitable for applications requiring high precision and smooth surfaces, while conventional machining may be advantageous in scenarios where improved adhesion and lubricant retention are critical factors. These findings contribute to the optimization of machining strategies in accordance with specific industrial application requirements