Principles of experimental measurement of stresses and strains in steel structures

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of the principles and practical aspects of experimental measurement of stresses and strains in steel structures using strain gauges. The fundamental design and operating principles of strain gauges are explained and discussed with a focus on their application to steel structures. Basic concepts of strain gauge measurements are examined in relation to the possible stress-strain state of the tested steel structures. Additionally, Wheatstone bridge configurations for connecting strain gauges are presented to achieve compensation for temperature, vibrations, and other parasitic effects during experimental testing. Finally, practical examples of testing steel structures, with special emphasis on railway vehicles, using strain gauges are provided. The results and discussions aim to support engineers and practitioners in accurately and reliably applying strain gauge technology in real-world experimental stress and strain measurements of steel structures.