Palladium metal electrode and its analytical application to precipitation and acid-base analysis in aqueous and non-aqueous media

Abstract

Electrochemical characterization of palladium electrode has been reported. The investigated electrode showed a linear dynamic response for p-toluensulfonic acid and iodide ions in the concentrations range between 5 × 10 -1 and 1 × 10-5 mol L-1 with a Nernstian slope of 55 mV for p-toluensulfonic acid and 63 mV per decade for iodide ions in water, as well as 53 mV for p-toluensulfonic acid and 51 mV per decade for iodide ions in dioxane. The response time of the electrodes was less than 10 s in the used solvents. Some potential analytical applications of the sensors have been pointed. Palladium electrode for the potentiometric titrations of acids (citric, barbituric, and p-toluensulfonic acid), bases (N,N'-diphenylguanidine, tributylamine, and 2,2'-bipyridine), halides, and some real samples in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions were studied. Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, perchloric acid, and silver nitrate proved to be very suitable titrating agents for these titrations. The standard deviation of the determination of the investigated compounds was less than 0.9 % from those obtained with a glass electrode, i.e., silver electrode. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.