Cost-effectiveness of miglustat versus symptomatic therapy of Niemann–Pick disease type C

Abstract

Background: Niemann–Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with early infantile (< 2 years), late infantile (2–6 years), juvenile (7–15 years) and adolescent (> 15 years) onset. The mainstay of therapy for NP-C patients with neurological symptoms is miglustat, a drug that may modify the course of the disease. Aim: Our aim was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of miglustat in comparison to symptomatic therapy in patients with NP-C in the socio-economic settings of the Republic of Serbia, an upper-middle-income European economy. Method: The perspective of the Serbian Republic Health Insurance Fund was chosen for this study, and the time horizon was eighty years. The main outcomes of the study were quality-adjusted life years gained with miglustat and comparator, and direct costs of treatment. The study was conducted through the generation and simulation of the Discrete-Event Simulation model. The model results were obtained after Monte Carlo microsimulation of a sample with 1000 virtual patients. Results: Treatment with miglustat was not cost-effective when compared with symptomatic therapy and was associated with negative values of net monetary benefit regardless of the onset of neurological manifestations (− 110,447,627.00 ± 701,614.00 RSD, − 343,871,695.00 ± 2,577,441.00 RSD, − 1,397,908,502.00 ± 23,084,235.00 RSD and − 2,953,680,879.00 ± 33,297,412.00 RSD) for early infantile, late infantile, juvenile and adolescent cohorts, respectively). Conclusion: When traditional pharmacoeconomic evaluation is employed, miglustat is not a cost-effective option in comparison to symptomatic therapy for the treatment of NP-C. However, given the proven efficacy of miglustat, there is a need to find ways to make this drug available to all patients with NP-C.