EKONOMSKI I EKOLOŠKI ASPEKTI RECIKLIRANjA KRITIČNIH SIROVINA IZ ELEKTRONSKOG OTPADA: PRAVNI I TRŽIŠNI IZAZOVI U EVROPSKOJ UNIJI

Abstract

The increasing production and consumption of electrical and electronic equipment generate the fastest-growing waste stream in the European Union, while also leading to significant wastage of rare metals. This paper explores the economic potential and environmental imperative of recycling rare metals from electronic waste (e-waste). The research focuses on analyzing the European regulatory framework, including the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive and the Circular Economy Action Plan, and their role in fostering the development of a secondary raw materials market. Although there is a clear political vision, the economic model for recycling critical raw materials faces numerous challenges. The technological complexity of extraction, high logistics and processing costs, and insufficient incentives for eco-design that facilitates recycling represent significant barriers to creating a sustainable and competitive supply chain compared to primary extraction.In conclusion, the paper emphasizes that achieving the EU’s strategic goals regarding resource independence and the green transition requires more than simply advancing recycling technology. Coordinated measures are necessary, including strengthening producer responsibility, introducing fiscal incentives, and harmonizing standards at the Union level. Transforming e-waste into a strategic resource requires a comprehensive approach that combines regulatory certainty and market innovation.