Intellectual capital and financial performance in Serbia

Abstract

Purpose: This research paper explores the impact of intellectual capital (IC) and its various components on financial performance of 100 Serbian companies within the real sector (which includes all companies in the Serbian economy not including banking and insurance). Design/methodology/approach: The performance measures used were net profit, operating revenues, operating profit, return on equity (ROE), and return on assets (ROA), whereas IC efficiency was measured using value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC). A multiple-regression model was used to assess the relationship among individual components of VAIC and financial performance. Findings: Net profit, operating revenue, and operating profit are not the consequence of the efficient use of IC in Serbian companies. On the other hand, human and structural capital affect ROE and ROA, whereas physical capital influences ROE. Research limitations/implications: VAIC is an accounting measure of performance and therefore does not provide an adequate framework for analyzing synergy between human, structural, and physical capital. In addition, the model fails to offer adequate analysis for those companies that have negative values for equity and operating profit. Practical implications: The presented results are especially useful for further research regarding the role and significance of IC for Serbian companies. By focusing on adequate IC management and use, the Serbian economy's competitiveness level would increase. Originality/value: This paper is original as no previous empirical work on IC and its effects on financial performance have been carried out among Serbian companies in the real sector. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.