Chemical, antioxidative, and sensory characteristics of wheat bread partially substituted with black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.) powder

Abstract

© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Chemical, antioxidant, and sensory properties of bread with black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.) fruit powders (CP) were examined. The CP was used to substitute 1, 2.5, 5, and 10% of wheat flour. Total cellulose, ash, phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of bread were increased with higher CP levels regardless of the dehydration temperature of chokeberry. Bread with 10% of CP, irrespective of the dehydration temperature of chokeberry, had the highest ratio of total cellulose (1.51%–1.69% dry weight), total ash (2.25%–2.26% dry weight), phenolics (209.30–232.47 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents/100 g dry weight), flavonoids (202.78–230.18 mg Catechin Equivalents/100 g dry weight), and antioxidant activity (41.2–54.5 mg Trolox Equivalents/100 g dry weight). The best sensory results of bread were obtained with 5% of CP. As CP replacement was increased, the color of bread became darker (L*), more reddish (+a*), and less yellowish (b*) pigmented region. Practical applications: Traditional wheat bread has been the principal food in the World, and many wheat flour alternatives in yeast-leavened bread making are being exploited nowadays. In this research, wheat flour was substituted with chokeberry powder. The objective was to develop a new nutritive formula of white wheat, yeast-leavened bread enriched with phenolics, cellulose, minerals, and with pleasant sensory characteristics. The results obtained in this study showed that chokeberry powder was able to replace up to 10% wheat flour and could provide a significant health improvement as an acceptable functional product. Bread samples with 10% of chokeberry powder had the highest ratio of cellulose, ash (minerals), total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. The best sensory characteristics were obtained with 5% substituted flour with chokeberry powder. The new nutritive bread has an increased level of active materials with positive potential for human health.