VIOLACIÓN DE LAS NORMAS LINGÜÍSTICAS EN LAS EXPRESIONES IDIOMÁTICAS

Abstract

Our goal is to relate the central idea of thematic issue, the violence, with the lexical and phraseological level of language systems in three contrasted languages: Spanish, Serbian and Croatian. In this paper, violation is understood as irregularity or anomaly within a linguistic system and we intend to offer a description of different kinds of violation, identifying two major types: formal irregularities and semantic or logical irregularities. The first type is represented in idiomatic or phraseological expressions through constructions that exhibit non-compliance with grammar rules (for example number and gender concordance: a pie juntillas, a ojos vistas). Its form and performance is strongly related to the high level of stability of the constituent elements. The second type is represented by idioms that manifest inconsistency with semantic regulations as well as with linguistic and extra-linguistic knowledge (ES cuando las ranas críen pelos, SR HR kad na vrbi rodi grožđe). This type of irregularities originates from a high level of expressiveness, strong emotional charge and picturesque image schema in these idiomatic constructions. Within them, comparative constructions are more frequent, often based on humour, irony, hyperbole (SR HR bistar kao boza, ES más corto que las mangas de un chaleco), than expressions whose components exhibit phonic and lexical deviations (SR HR nema cile-mile, biti tata-mata, ES no decir ni mu, por fas o por nefas, a la topa tolondro, a todo full), and also reduplicative or binomial structures (ES dimes y diretes, sin oficio ni beneficio, ni rey ni roque, SR HR bacati drvlje i kamenje, navrat-nanos, živ i zdrav). Our corpus is excerpted from phraseographic sources of the three languages, the method is based on lexical, semantic and contrastive analysis, and theoretical framework includes investigations on form, semantic classification and pragmatics of phraseological units (Mršević-Radović 1987, Fink-Arsovski 2002, Mellado Blanco 2004, García-Page 2008, Dobrovol’skij 2016).