Lichenochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts and gyrophoric acid from lichen Umbilicaria grisea

Abstract

This research investigates the chemical composition, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of acetone, methanol, and ethanol extracts of the lichen Umbilicaria grisea, and its major secondary metabolite, gyrophoric acid. The extracts were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) and spectrophotometric assays. The results showed significant levels of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which contribute to the lichen's antioxidant potential. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using in vitro assays such as DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. The extracts demonstrated potent antioxidant activity, suggesting their potential as natural antioxidants. The identification of bioactive compounds, high phenolic and flavonoid content, and significant antioxidant activity support the potential use of U. grisea as a natural source of therapeutic agents. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for these biological activities and evaluate the efficacy and safety of these extracts for potential pharmaceutical applications.