Microorganisms and Technogenic Polution of Agroecosystem

Abstract

This paper deals with the reactions of the soil microbial community to the effects of agrochemicals (pesticides, heavy metals), oil pollution and other possible xenobiotics.. Pesticides and heavy metals change the physicochemical properties of the soil and lead to a distribution in the qualitative composition of the soil microbial community, which is characterized by a wide range of phenomena (stimulation, repression, resistant species). Some compounds of S, N and CI cause soil and groundwater acidification, which results in Ca, Mg and K losses, higher content and greater activity of AI, Fe and Mo as well as in the activation of toxic elements Hg, Pb and Cd, which reduce the number of bacteria and actinomycetes and enhance the presence of bacilli and fungi in the soil. Low oil pollution level may cause fluctuating changes in the soil microbial cenosis, whereas a higher one may result in serious disorders of the microbial community and even in its completely restrained activity.