Methods for modeling bolted connections using FEM

Abstract

In constructions with complex geometry, bolted connections are most often used to connect parts. Modeling a complete bolted connection which consists of bolt, nut and washers using 3D finite elements is either not always possible or requires a lot of engineering time. For this reason, it is necessary to approximate the bolted connection using other types of finite elements. This paper presents methods for modeling bolted connections using different types of finite elements. A complete bolted connection loaded in shear and bending was modeled using 3D finite elements. The bolted connection analysis results obtained using 3D finite elements were used as a reference. After that, the bolted connection was modeled using 1D beam finite element in combination with 3D, RBE2 and RBE3 finite elements. By comparing the results of the numerical analyses, an approximation of the bolt connection which best corresponds to the reference model was obtained. It can be concluded that the shown approximation of bolted connections gives satisfactory results and significantly saves engineering time.