Frazeologizmi sa konstituentom dobar, dobro (bolje, najbolje)

Abstract

This paper includes an analysis of phraseological units with the constituent dobar/dobro (bolje/najbolje), focusing on both structural-grammatical and semantic aspects. The examples were excerpted from Frazeološki rečnik srpskog jezika from 2012, while the theoretical-methodological framework was adopted from Mršević Radović 1987 and Vulović 2015. The research aimed to categorize the identified phraseologisms using a quantitative-qualitative method and to determine their semantic potential. For a more comprehensive semantic determination of certain examples, Rečnik srpskoga jezika by Matica Srpska from 2011 was consulted. The analysis revealed that all phraseological units, on a structural-grammatical level, can be classified into three basic categories: (1) prepositional-case phraseologisms, (2) syntagmatic phraseologisms (noun constructions (the adjective acts as a modifier), verb-noun constructions, and verb constructions) and (3) sentence phraseologisms (independent and dependent clauses). In some examples, varying of the constituent elements of phraseologisms was noted, resulting in the formation of phraseological schemes that unite phraseologisms with similar or identical meanings, indicating their relative structural stability that does not affect the essential change in meaning. We approached the semantic analysis using the method of componential and conceptual analysis. The first method was used to determine semantic features within the semantic potential of lexemes, while the second was employed to establish a hierarchical system of polysemous lexemes’ meaning components. Based on common components of general meaning, all identified examples of phraseologisms were divided into four semantic fields: (1) “qualities, abilities” semantic field, (2) “general circumstances, general states” semantic field, (3) “feelings, interpersonal relations” semantic field and (4) “actions, activities” semantic field. The starting point for the conducted examination of phraseologisms was anthropocentrism in language, a concept based on sociopsychological valuation of human beings and the world. It was found that phraseologisms preserve their original form in terms of imagery while they successfully develop expressive components as constant features of their connotative meaning. That way, they enrich their semantic potential, becoming significant components in constructing the linguistic image of the world.