Mapping the Sacred: The Mosaic Meanders in the Narthexes of the Chora Church / Kariye Cami in İstanbul

Abstract

Meanders and swastikas, often interpreted as medieval metaphors for the journey of earthly life, form an intricate narrative within the Chora Church (Kariye Cami) mosaics. These visual labyrinths, with their interwoven geometries, serve as symbolic pathways, suggesting both the trials of earthly life and the divine guidance leading toward salvation. This study focuses on the significant role of the swastika motif within the Chora Church’s mosaic program, exploring its layered symbolism. A detailed analysis of its strategic placement within the labyrinthine compositions, particularly in the mosaics above the Deesis and in the exonarthex vault, reveals its role as a spiritual guide. Furthermore, this article examines the gamma-shaped meander patterns, particularly those above the Infancy Cycle, highlighting their stylistic features and contribution to the overall narrative. By considering the mosaic technique, including the use of opus vermiculatum, gold tesserae, and vibrant colour palettes, the study demonstrates how Theodore Metochites’ appreciation for artistic craftsmanship enhances the spiritual impact of these intricate designs, offering a unique perspective on Late Byzantine visual art