Recovery of biologically active compounds from stinging nettle leaves part I: Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

Abstract

Stinging nettle is annual plant from Urticaceae family used as food and medicine. Due to the nonsufficient data, this work aimed to isolate the bioactive compounds from the stinging nettle leaves by supercritical carbon dioxide. Extracts were analyzed and assessed for antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Main fatty acids were α-linolenic (31.06–58.42 mg/g E), palmitic (9.17–13.12 mg/g E), and linoleic (10.93–16.51 mg/g E) acids. Chlorophylls (33.00–7365.11 mg/100 g E) and carotenoids (166.88–722.62 mg/100 g E) were also found in all samples. Four empirical kinetic equations were effectively utilized for kinetic modeling of supercritical fluid extraction. As per proper statistical features, empirical models show good concurrence with experimental data. The numerical modeling of a process is gainful to foresee the process conduct and furthermore extend the methodology from laboratory to industrial scales. The principal component analysis was used to visualize the fatty acids profile, antioxidant capacity, and cytotoxic activity of extract.