Energetsko-eksergetska optimizacija veličina fotonaponskih panela i solarnih kolektora kod kuća neto-nulte potrošnje energije

Abstract

In the modern world today, the significant part of the total energy consumption is related to the building, so research and development of methods for improving energy efficiency in buildings are very important. Nowadays, a radical approach for the mitigation of the energy demand is the concept of the zero-net energy building (ZNEB) and positive-net energy building (PNEB). Also, Also, the renewable energy has a significant impact on reducing overall energy consumption and positive impact on the environment, so the research and development of renewable energy resources and the use of renewable energy is essential. In this thesis it is investigated the Serbian residential building with photovoltaic panels and solar collectors on the roof. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies are an attractive option for clean and renewable electricity generation. The generated electricity either may be consumed by the building or may be fed-in the electricity grid. The building uses electricity for space heating system, lighting, electric equipment and for domestic hot water heating. The solar collector generates thermal energy for domestic hot water heating. The building with three different space heating system is analyzed: electrical space heating, district heating and central heating system with gas boiler. Energy and exergy optimization (including embodied energy and embodied exergy) was performed with the major aim to determine the optimal area of the PV array and solar collector area on the roof. With the optimal PV and solar collector areas, primary energy consumption may be minimized. The residential buildings with variable thermal insulation thickness, variable electricity consumption for electric equipment and lighting, variable hot water consumption, variable life cycle, variable types of PV panels and variable PV cell efficiency are investigated in order to achieve zero-net energy building (ZNEB) or positive-net energy building (PNEB). Also, economic optimization was performed to maximize the financial profit. At the end of the investigation, the environmental aspects of applied systems (PV and solar collectors) are analyzed. The buildings are simulated in EnergyPlus environment. Open Studio plug-in in Google SketchUp was used for buildings design, Hooke-Jeeves algorithm for optimization and GENOPT software for software execution control. The obtained results gave the optimal size of PV array and solar collectors system, for which the maximum of values of primary energy savings can be obtained. With these optimal sizes, the concept ZNEB and PNEB can be achieved.