Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://scidar.kg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/21502
Title: Uticaj individualnih ložišta na biomasu na zagađenost vazduha u urbanim sredinama
Authors: Vukašinović, Vladimir
Gordić, Dušan
Nikolić, Jelena
Josijevic, Mladen
Končalović, Davor
Journal: Energija, ekonomija, ekologija
Issue Date: 2024
Abstract: Korišćenje biomase, kao regionalno dostupnog obnovljivog izvora energije je jedan od ključnih koraka ka dekarbonizaciji i ostvarivanju održivog razvoja zemalja koje su u razvoju. Biomasa koja se koristi na održiv način smatra se ugljenično neutralnim gorivom. Zahvaljujući svojim svojstvima predstavlja energent koji može doprineti ostvarivanju cilja ugljenične neutralnosti. Iako, za razliku od foslinih goriva, emituje niske emisije zagađujućih materija, kada se govori o kontrolisanom procesu potpunog sagorevanja, sve su češći problemi koji se javljaju usled neadekvatnog korišćenja biomase. U mnogim zemljama u razvoju, biomasa, posebno drvna, se često koristi na tradicionalan i neefikasan način za kuvanje i zagrevanje prostora u ložištima sa minimalnom mogućnošću kontrole procesa sagorevanja. Takav neefikasan način korišćenja biomase može izazvati ozbiljne ekološke probleme. Nepotpuno sagorevanje drvne biomase može rezultirati emisijom štetnih supstanci, uključujući čestice (mešavina dima, čađi i kiselina) i ugljen-monoksid (CO). Ove supstance su opasne po zdravlje ljudi i imaju negativne efekte na kvalitet vazduha. Pored toga, sagorevanje biomase na visokim temperaturama može generisati azotne okside (NOx), čime se dodatno pogoršava ekološki uticaj. U Srbiji, prema popisu iz 2022. godine svega 20% stambenih jedinica povezano na sisteme daljinskog grejanja dok 77% čine individualni sistemi grejanja. Kod individualnih sistema grejanja 31% čine stanovi koji imaju instalacije grejanja. Od ukupnog broja nastanjenih stanova u gradskim sredinama koji nisu povezani na sistem daljinskog grejanja, drvo kao energent koristi 47,60 %, ugalj 2,07%, prirodni gas 17,40%, a električnu energiju 29,00%. U radu je analizirano 15 gradskih sredina u Srbiji kod kojih je vazduh kategorisan u III kategoriju kao posledica emisija PM2,5 i P10 čestica. Sistemi daljinskog grejanja analiziranih gradova se zasnivaju na korišćenju prirodnog gasa (11 gradova), dok je ugalj preovlađujuće gorivo u tri grada i mazut u jednom gradu. U većini analiziranih gradovima individualni sistemi grejanja imaju udele najčešće preko 70% i zasnovani su najvećim delom na korišćenju čvrste biomase, iznad 60%. Dnevna prekoračenja emisija PM čestica, koja su višestruko iznad dozvoljene granice, su u preko 95% u toku grejne sezone. The usage of biomass as a regionally available renewable energy source is one of the key steps towards decarbonisation and the achievement of sustainable development. Biomass used in a sustainable way is considered as a carbon-neutral fuel. Due to its properties, it is considered an energy source that can help achieve carbon neutrality. Although, compared with fossil fuels biomass results in lower pollutant emissions during a controlled complete combustion process, problems arising from inadequate use of biomass are becoming more common. In many developing countries, biomass, especially wood, is often used in a traditional and inefficient way for cooking and space heating in stoves with minimal control possibilities over the combustion process. Such an inefficient way of using biomass can cause serious environmental problems. The incomplete combustion of woody biomass can result in the emission of harmful matters, including particulate matter (a mixture of smoke, soot and acid) and carbon monoxide (CO). These substances are dangerous to human health and have negative effects on air quality. In addition, burning biomass at high temperatures can generate nitrogen oxides (NOx), further exacerbating the environmental impact. According to the 2022 census, just 20% of dwellings are connected to district heating systems, while 77% have individual heating systems (31% of individual systems are dwellings with central heating installations) in Serbia. Of the total of occupied dwellings in urban areas that are not connected to the district heating system, 47.60% use wood, 2.07% coal, 17.40% natural gas, and 29.00% electricity for space heating. In the paper, 15 urban areas in Serbia with III category of air quality have been analysed. The district heating systems of the analysed cities are based on natural gas usage (11 cities), while coal is the predominant fuel in three cities and heating oil in one city. Individual heating systems often account for more than 70% of the total share in most of the analysed cities, and they are mostly fuelled by solid biomass. Daily excesses of PM particle emissions, which are several times above the limit, are over 95% during the heating season
URI: https://scidar.kg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/21502
Type: article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46793/EEE24-2.31V
ISSN: 0354-8651
Appears in Collections:Faculty of Engineering, Kragujevac

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