SCIDAR - A Digital Archive of the University of Kragujevac

From imaging to personalized 3D printed molds in cranioplasty

Cranioplasty is the surgical repair of a bone defect in the skull resulting from a previous operation or injury, which involves lifting the scalp and restoring the contour of the skull with a graft made from material that is reconstructed from scans of the patient's own skull. The paper introduces a 3D printing technology in creating molds, which are filled with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to reconstruct the missing bone part of the skull. The procedure included several steps to create a 3...

Artificial Intelligence Empowering Medical Image Processing

APPLICATION OF PAK SOFTWARE FOR THE CALCULATION OF vFFR IN CORONARY ARTERIES

X-ray angiography is one of the diagnostic procedures applied in clinical practice to analyze the state of patient-specific coronary arteries. During this examination a parameter called fractional flow reserve (FFR) is invasively measured to quantitatively assess the existence of potential stenosis and its significance. The software proposed in this paper presents an alternative method to calculate a virtual FFR equivalent and this approach can reduce the cost and invasiveness of the dia...

Enhancing COVID-19 disease severity classification through advanced transfer learning techniques and optimal weight initialization schemes

Objective: Medical imaging plays a central role in medicine today by supporting diagnosis and treatment. For small medical image datasets, training from scratch is a time-consuming process and transfer learning emerges as a solution. In these cases, ImageNet weights are usually used as initial weights, after which fine-tuning is performed. We propose a methodology for COVID-19 severity classification (mild, moderate, severe, critical) in chest X-ray images based on transfer learning using D...

Bridging the Gap: Physics-Driven Deep Learning for Heat Transfer Model

The potential of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) in addressing intricate real-world challenges exceeds the capabilities of traditional deep learning methods by merging data-driven and physics-driven approaches. PINNs offer advantages in handling computationally and temporally demanding problems that were conventionally approached using techniques like Finite Difference Method (FDM). This study focuses on analyzing heat transfer within cardiac tissue to deepen our understanding of the...

Tribological and Rheological Characterization of 3D Printed Polycarbonate: Effect of Layer Orientation, Surface Topography, and Lubrication Conditions

Understanding the tribological behavior of additively manufactured polymers is essential for their reliable use in sliding components. Tribological tests were performed on a linear reciprocating tribometer pin-on-plate configuration using a polycarbonate sample (PC–PC). To assess the influence of additive-manufacturing-induced anisotropy, three build orientations (0◦, 45◦, 90◦) were examined. Two normal loads of 39.24 N and 58.86 N, and two sliding velocities of 15 and 20 mm/s were select...

Graphene/CNT Nanocomposites: Processing, Properties, and Applications

Carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene-reinforced nanocomposites have become exceptional multifunctional materials because of their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Recent developments in synthesis methods, dispersion strategies, and interfacial engineering have effectively overcome agglomeration-related limitations by significantly improving filler distribution, matrix compatibility, and load-transfer efficiency. These nanocomposites have better wear durability, corros...

Shallow Geothermal Potential In The Danube Region – Can Chatbots Help Plan The Way Forward?

The utilization of artificial intelligence in decision-making is increasing every day, raising the question of its reliability in complex assessments. Therefore, this study examines the potential of chatbots to assess the feasibility of shallow geothermal resources across 8 European countries (Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia). The results provided by chatbots are analyzed in detail and compared against expert evaluations to identify t...

HEART MODELING, INSILICO CLINICAL TRIALS

In silico clinical trials are set to transform medicine by enabling virtual testing and simulation, which streamline the development of medical devices and pharmaceuticals while reducing costs and duration. The SILICOFCM platform offers a innovative, multi-modular approach designed to optimize overall heart function and monitor the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments, aiming to decrease dependence on animal and human trials. It employs an integrated, multidisciplinary, and multis...